The breed originated in Belgium, specifically in the area around Brussels and Leuven. The name Schipperke (from a Flemish dialect) means "little shepherd" or "little herding dog."

As early as 1690, the Schipperke was a favorite among the common people and shoemakers in the Saint-Géry (Sint-Goriks) district of Brussels. It was known for hunting mice, rats, moles, and other vermin. The breed gained popularity thanks to the Belgian Queen Marie Henriette—wife of King Leopold II—who purchased a Schipperke named "Blak" in 1885.

The Schipperke is the smallest herding dog in existence. Its size (height at the withers) is approximately 32 cm, and its weight usually falls between 4 and 7 kg, although the breed standard allows for a range of 3 to 9 kg.

It is a herding dog in miniature, featuring a tapering muzzle and small, erect ears, yet it also possesses qualities that make it unique. It is very sturdily built. Its solid black coat—consisting of medium-length, close-lying hair—displays a beautiful "ruff" (the long hair around the neck). There is also longer hair on the back of the neck (the "mane"), the front of the chest (the "jabot"), and the backs of the thighs (the "culottes").

The Schipperke has a distinct personality unlike that of any other breed: it is an extremely curious, alert, and watchful little dog—very affectionate and always busy, a snooper that investigates everything.

- Royal Schipperkes Club Belgium